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1993-05-03
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PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109. TELEPHONE (818) 354-5011
Contact: Jim Doyle
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE april 13, 1993
Scientists at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the
California Institute of Technology announced today that they have
developed a computer software system to catalog and analyze the
estimated half billion sky objects in the second Palomar
Observatory sky survey.
The survey of the northern sky includes more than 3,000
digitized photographic plates produced by Palomar, located in San
Diego.
Drs. Usama Fayyad and Richard Doyle of JPL said the system,
called Sky Image Cataloging and Analysis Tool (SKICAT), will be
delivered to Caltech this month. SKICAT is based on state-of-
the-art machine learning, high performance database and image
processing techniques.
Caltech astronomer Professor S. Djorgovski said each
photographic plate is being digitized into 23,040 by 23,040-pixel
images at the Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore. The
resulting data set will not be surpassed in quality or scope for
the next decade, he said.
"The sky object classification task is manually forbidding.
The plates contain hundreds of millions of sky objects. Humans
are unable to visually process the fainter objects in the
survey," Djorgovski said.
Fayyad said the core of the new system includes two
integrated machine learning mathematical formulas, called
algorithms. These algorithms automatically produce decision
trees for the computer based on astronomer-provided training data
or examples. A machine learning program learns to classify new
data based on training data provided by human experts.
Caltech astronomer Nick Weir and Fayyad said SKICAT has a
correct sky object classification rate of about 94 percent, which
exceeds the performance requirement of 90 percent needed for
accurate scientific analysis of the data.
By contrast, Fayyad said, the best performance of a
commercially available learning algorithm was about 75 percent.
By training the learning algorithms to predict classes for faint
astronomical objects on the survey plates, the algorithms can
learn to classify objects that actually are too faint for humans
to recognize.
The training data for faint objects was obtained from a
limited set of charge coupled device images taken at a much
higher resolution than the survey images, Weir said.
The SKICAT system will produce a comprehensive survey
catalog database containing about one-half billion entries by
automatically processing about three terabytes (24 trillion bits,
8-bits to a byte) of image data.
Since SKICAT can classify sky objects that are too faint for
humans to recognize, the SKICAT catalog will contain a wealth of
new information not obtainable using traditional cataloging
methods, Weir said. Because sky objects up to one visual
magnitude fainter now can be processed, the number of classified
catalog entries will be approximately three times larger than has
been possible so far with other techniques.
"Some historical sky object classification tasks performed
over a period of years could now be achieved in a few hours,"
Weir said.
One major benefit of this program includes freeing
astronomers from the tedium of an intensely visual and manual
task so they may pursue more challenging analysis and
interpretation problems, according to Djorgovski.
"This is an excellent example of the use of machine learning
technology to automate an otherwise infeasible task of dealing
with an amount of data that is simply overwhelming to humans,"
Fayyad said. "SKICAT represents a new generation of intelligent
trainable tools for dealing with the huge volumes of scientific
image data that today's instruments collect."
"We view SKICAT as a step towards the development of the
next generation of tools for the astronomer of the turn of the
century and beyond," Djorgovski said.
#####
4-12-93 JJD
#1497